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Profile of Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic in Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal, 2019 – 2020
Daouda Thioub,
Ndeye Aissatou Lakhe,
Catherine Sarr,
Agbogbenkou Tevi Déla-dem Lawson,
Papa Latyr Junior Diouf,
Alassane Sarr,
Mamadou Seck,
Aboubakar Sidikh Badiane,
Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye,
Sylvie Audrey Diop,
Moussa Seydi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
80-86
Received:
7 June 2023
Accepted:
25 June 2023
Published:
8 July 2023
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem worldwide. Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), used to be the biggest concern in the world of antibiotic resistance. More recently, gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics are on the increase worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the infection and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial isolates in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department (SMIT) at Fann University Hospital. We carried out a descriptive and retrospective study reviewing medical records for infectious diseases, collected over a 24-month period from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. All the patients, diagnosed with bacterial infection with bacterial proof were included in this study. During the study period, 230 cases of bacterial infections were identified from 643 hospitalized patients, a proportion of 35.76%. The study population was predominantly male (56.5%). The main comorbidities were HIV infection (60.43%) and hypertension (7.40%). The main infections diagnosed were bacteremia (63%) and urinary tract infections (36%). Respiratory tract infections were found in 15.2% of patients. Isolated Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella strains showed high resistance to aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins (C3G). Salmonella strains were sensitive to all most all the antibiotics tested except lincomycin. Finally, the resistance of enterobacterial strains isolated to imipenem were low for klebsiella and high for Pseudomonas.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem worldwide. Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), used to be the biggest concern in the world of antibiotic resistance. More recently, gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics are on the increase worldwide. The aim of this study was to deter...
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Tetanus in the Elderly in Dakar: Epidemiological, Clinical, Evolutionary Aspects and Associated Factors of Death
Daouda Thioub,
Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse-Diallo,
Massamba Ba,
Moustapha Diop,
Louise Fortes,
Ndeye Aissatou Lakhe,
Daye Ka,
Khardiata Diallo Mbaye,
Aboubakar Sidikh Badiane,
Ndeye Maguette Fall,
Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye,
Moussa Seydi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
87-90
Received:
25 June 2023
Accepted:
10 July 2023
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Senegal is one of the African countries where tetanus in children and adults remains a concern. Until now, there have been few studies on tetanus in elderly people. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tetanus in elderly people. This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study of the records of patients hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Department of Fann National University Hospital in Dakar for tetanus in person aged 60 years and older, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019. Data were collected from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate potential risk factors of death. We included 962 cases of tetanus of all ages. Among the cases, 98 were elderly persons, representing a proportional morbidity of 10.10%. A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.45. Fifty-seven patients (58.17%) had at least one comorbidity and they were dominated by hypertension (32 cases) and diabetes (13 cases). More than half of the patients (63.3%) were unaware of their vaccination status and only 03 patients were up to date. The portal of entry was mainly integumentary (72.45%). The incubation period was ≥ 7 Days in 88.78% of cases, and the invasion period ≥ 48 hours in 60.20% of patients. The generalized clinical form represented 95% of cases. The evolution was marked by complications in 78.60% of cases. Complications were dominated by bacterial infections (45.90%). The average length of hospitalization was 13.5 ± 2.9 days [1 - 49 days]. Forty-eight (48) patients died during hospitalization, representing a hospital case fatality of 48.97%. In multivariate analysis, only a duration of invasion < 48 hours (p=0.032) and the occurrence of complications were significantly associated with death (p=0.004). Our study reveals once again the seriousness of tetanus in elderly. Moreover, our data confirms the need to update prognostic classifications by introducing certain factors that have been identified in numerous studies as being associated with patient death, such as advanced age, presence of comorbidities and occurrence of a complication.
Abstract: Senegal is one of the African countries where tetanus in children and adults remains a concern. Until now, there have been few studies on tetanus in elderly people. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tetanus in elderly people. This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective stud...
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Novel Score for Prediction of Severity and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Skakun Oleksiy,
Seredyuk Nestor
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
91-100
Received:
4 July 2023
Accepted:
18 July 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: Background: Despite the presence of many scores for the prediction of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, predictive accuracies of them are not high enough. Aim: Development of a scale for the prediction of severe condition and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Methods: The study included 135 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Risk factors and optimal cut-off criteria for severe/critical condition and in-hospital mortality was established. Results: body mass index (BMI), scales CURB-65 and PSI, history of diabetes mellitus, SpO2 level at admission, leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, levels of fasting glucose, alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, soluble IL-2 receptors, IL-6, and ferritin-hemoglobin ratio (FHR) were risk factors for disease progression to severe/critical condition. Logistic regression showed that only SpO2, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were independent risk factors of severe/critical condition. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality included age, BMI, scales CURB-65 and PSI, SpO2 level at admission, hemoglobin level, leukocyte count, levels of fasting glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, ferritin, IL-6, and FHR. However, logistic regression showed no relevant independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality. The novel score has been developed; it included the following parameters: blood pressure, BMI, ferritin level, SpO2, creatinine level, history of arterial hypertension/ prior myocardial infarction / stroke, leukocyte count, elderly, history of diabetes mellitus (acronym “BIFOCALED”). There was good discriminative power of the novel score for severe/critical condition (AUC, 0.806, p<0.001) and in-hospital mortality (AUC, 0.804, p<0.001). The Youden index was 0.47 at the value of >2 points (sensitivity of 84.72%; specificity of 61.90%) for the prediction of severe/critical condition and 0.58 at the value of >5 points (sensitivity of 64.29%; specificity of 93.39%) for prediction of in-hospital mortality. Patients who scored >2 points had a far much higher risk of severe/critical condition (OR, 9.01; 95%CI, 3.97–20.44; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with >5 points according to the novel score (OR, 25.43; 95%CI, 6.88–93.99; p<0.001). Also, the probability of severe/critical condition and in-hospital mortality depending on the novel score was assessed. Conclusion: The BIFOCALED score may be used for predicting severe/critical condition and in-hospital mortality. The disease progression to severe/critical condition should be suspected in patients who scored >2 points; however, a score of >5 points is associated with high in-hospital mortality.
Abstract: Background: Despite the presence of many scores for the prediction of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, predictive accuracies of them are not high enough. Aim: Development of a scale for the prediction of severe condition and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Methods: The study included 13...
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Descriptive Analysis of Tuberculosis Surveillance Data in the Bantama Sub Metropolis, Kumasi, Ghana - 2016-2020
Kingsley Atuahene Ampratwum,
Rita Asante,
Akosua Gyimah Omari-Sasu,
Samuel Oko Sackey,
Magdalene Odikro,
Eric Asiedu-Yeboah,
Francisca Nkrumah
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
101-108
Received:
25 June 2023
Accepted:
22 July 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient bacterial disease characterized by coughs, fever and other symptoms. Globally, the disease affected about 10 million people in 2019, with about 1.4 million dying. It is transmitted through air and, mainly affects the lungs. Ghana recorded 44,000 cases in 2019 with 15,000 deaths. This study analyzed the cases registered from 2016-2020 in the Bantama Sub-metropolis, Kumasi by person, place and time and treatment outcomes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A case was defined as any person registered for treatment, irrespective of diagnostic method. Secondary data was obtained manually from the TB register and entered into an excel sheet and analyzed descriptively using pivot table. ArcGIS version 13 was used to produce a map. Stata version 14 was used for multivariate analysis. Results were presented in tables and chart showing rates and frequencies. Results: A total of 537 TB cases, aged between 5 and 82 years, were recorded from 2016 to 2020. About 67.4% (362/537) were males. The cases detected per year were 121, 123, 98, 126, and 69 from 2016-2020 respectively. Less than 1% (0.74%, 4/537) were less than 15 years. The mean age was 42.2 (SD±15.1). Up to 36.3% (195/537) of the cases resided in the Kumasi Metropolis. Treatment success decreased from 81.8% (99/121) in 2016 to 72.5% (50/69) in 2020. Treatment success for 2018 was 93.9%, whiles the rest of the years fell below the 90% target. Case fatality rate among females was 15.6% (27/175) and 11.6% (42/362) among males. Also, mortality among cases resident in Kumasi was 11.3% (22/195) compared to 13.7% (47/342) among those outside Kumasi. Treatment success among cases without HIV co-infection (93%) was higher than those with co-infection (63%), p-value 0.001, CI. Conclusions: TB case detection in Bantama was stable from 2016 to 2019 but dipped in 2020. Majority of the cases were males. About two-thirds of the cases registered resided outside Kumasi. The treatment success rate was lower than the 90% target, except for 2018. Case fatality rates were higher among females, cases residing outside Kumasi and smear negative case. Regular home visits should be intensified by Community Health Officers to improve treatment success. HIV co-infection could negatively affect treatment outcomes.
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient bacterial disease characterized by coughs, fever and other symptoms. Globally, the disease affected about 10 million people in 2019, with about 1.4 million dying. It is transmitted through air and, mainly affects the lungs. Ghana recorded 44,000 cases in 2019 with 15,000 deaths. This study analyzed the ...
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Tracking Respiratory Tract Infections Among Residents Due to Pollutant Emissions from Okpai Gas Power Plant in Ndokwa East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Prince-Mang Ndidi Loretta,
Kpang Meelubari BarinuaTsaro,
Imiete Godspower
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
109-116
Received:
5 July 2023
Accepted:
31 July 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: As population increases, more buildings for housing, commerce and industry are also required and the resultant effect of this change is a rise in demand for electric power availability accompanied with harmful emissions from power plants installed for electricity generation and other industrial activities. More than 50% of power generated in Nigeria is from thermal power plants (TPP) which utilizes natural gas for their operations. The environmental and health impacts of thermal power plant are quite devastating as it is known for the emission of large amount of CO, CO2, SOx, NOx and SPMs into the atmosphere responsible for most respiratory disorders. This study was aimed at tracking Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI) among residents of Ndokwa within the vicinity of Okpai gas power plant due to pollutant emissions from the plant. The reported cases of RTI was obtained from the archive of Anieze Primary Health Centre while other relevant data was collected through questionnaire distributed among residents within 200m, 400m, 600m, 800m, 1000m and 2000m distances from the gas plant. The Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient value, r=0.827 revealed that there is a significant relationship between RTI and pollutant emission at (F= 28.02, p<0.05. It was also found that 68.4% of RTI in the area was due to pollutant emission, though it occurrence varies significantly with distance. Arising from the findings, regular RTI screening and early detection/treatment, investment in alternative environmentally friendly sources of power generation, constant air quality monitoring and enforcement of regulated threshold, installation of gadgets that will ameliorate the level of gaseous emissions at the gas plant were recommended for urgent implementation in order to cause a significant reduction in air pollutant emission and further prune its associated health hazards in the area.
Abstract: As population increases, more buildings for housing, commerce and industry are also required and the resultant effect of this change is a rise in demand for electric power availability accompanied with harmful emissions from power plants installed for electricity generation and other industrial activities. More than 50% of power generated in Nigeri...
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Prevalence and Outcome of Imported Adult Malaria Cases Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: A Five Year Study
Salma Obaid Alshamsi,
Ahmad Subhi,
Ubaid Hashmi,
Roomiyah Assadi,
Mahassen Shaheen,
Aulin Vitus,
Ibrahim Mahmoud,
Pramod Chhabrani
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
117-121
Received:
15 July 2023
Accepted:
7 August 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: Background: Malaria is a major public challenge. It’s estimated 247 million malaria cases worldwide in 2021, with death of almost 619000 cases. WHO data shows incidence of malaria in UAE over last 10 years as 0 per 1000 population at risk. Since UAE is a global country will have a risk of having cases of malaria from malaria-endemic countries and will have similar mortality and morbidity risks. Aim: This study aims to review prevalence and outcome of imported adult malaria cases admitted to tertiary hospital in UAE during last five years (2018-2022). Methods: It’s a retrospective review of imported adult malaria cases admitted to tertiary hospital in UAE during five years, the participants were a total of 83 cases. Result: 93.9% participants were between 18-60 years, with 6.1% older than 60 years. Majority were male (82.9%) and most common ethnicities Asian (56.1%) and African (41.5%). 61 % Participants underwent blood film while 39% underwent both malaria detection test and blood film. Plasmodium vivax was most common species (56.1%) and Plasmodium falciparum was found in 31.5%. Screening for HIV (15.9%) and G6PD (18.3%) which are representing small percentage of participants. During admission, 37.8% had Procalcitonin checked with 90.3% having a cut-off ≥ 0.5. Majority had non-severe malaria (93.1%), while 6.1% had severe malaria.4 out of 82 participants required ICU admission (4.9%), while (95.1%) did not. 53.7% of participants received antibiotics while 46.3% did not. 74.4% stayed in hospital for 0-5 days, 19.5% stayed for 6-10 days, while 6.1% only stayed for more than 10 days. Majority of participants were discharged from hospital 97.6% and 2.4% transferred to another facility. Conclusions: Majority of malaria cases in UAE are imported and predominantly affect adult males of Asian and African ethnicities. Although incidence of malaria in UAE is low, patients coming from malaria-endemic regions with similar morbidity and mortality risks can still be encountered. The prevalence of important adult malaria cases admitted to a tertiary hospital in Sharjah was not high in last 5 years, but mainly affect male travellers hailing from endemic countries. Plasmodium vivax was most common species although Plasmodium falciparum percentage was also significant. Outcome of cases was generally favourable, but some patient required ICU admission due to severe complication. This study highlighted importance of raising awareness, promoting preventive measures & strengthening surveillance and control measures including appropriate chemoprophylaxis to reduce burden of imported malaria in non-endemic areas.
Abstract: Background: Malaria is a major public challenge. It’s estimated 247 million malaria cases worldwide in 2021, with death of almost 619000 cases. WHO data shows incidence of malaria in UAE over last 10 years as 0 per 1000 population at risk. Since UAE is a global country will have a risk of having cases of malaria from malaria-endemic countries and w...
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Ciprofloxacin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Alexis Orman,
Mohamed Tayeb Salaouatchi,
Anne Demulder,
Juliette Coryn,
Victor Fernando Calderon Plazarte,
André Efira,
Philippe Clevenbergh
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
122-126
Received:
27 July 2023
Accepted:
24 August 2023
Published:
13 September 2023
Abstract: Background: Drug induced thrombocytopenia is associated with several usual drugs. It usually presents with stunning, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting followed by the occurrence of petechial hemorrhages and bruising. Fluoroquinolones which are a widely used antibiotics are not recognized to be common offenders. Ciprofloxacin is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated drug. It has a large spectrum and it is one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics in a broad range of infections. Purpose: Only a few cases of fluoroquinolone-induced thrombocytopenia have been reported thus this side effect is largely unknown by clinicians. Case: We report the case of a 55 year old women with a bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy secondary to a radiation-induced cystitis. She was known for chronic kidney disease KDIGO IIIb and arterial hypertension. She suffered severe thrombocytopenia on three different occasions while treated by ciprofloxacin for urinary infections. She remained asymptomatic although her platelet count dropped as low as 6×103/µL. Each time, her platelet count recovered within a few days after ciprofloxacin interruption. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the possible relationship between thrombocytopenia and ciprofloxacin. In depth work-up should be carried out to assess relationship between a newly introduced drug and a serious clinical or biological side effect.
Abstract: Background: Drug induced thrombocytopenia is associated with several usual drugs. It usually presents with stunning, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting followed by the occurrence of petechial hemorrhages and bruising. Fluoroquinolones which are a widely used antibiotics are not recognized to be common offenders. Ciprofloxacin is generally considere...
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