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Human Brucellosis - New Public Health Problem in Bulgaria
Milena Dimitrova Karcheva,
Vanya Atanasova Birdanova,
Margarita Lubomirova Alexandrova
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
66-71
Received:
3 April 2017
Accepted:
20 May 2017
Published:
14 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170204.11
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe trends over time of human brucellosis (HB) based on national surveillance data from 1992 to 2016 in Bulgaria and to assess the factors of its re-emergence after 50 years elimination. Retrospective analytical study was applied and performed descriptive, spatial and time series analyses using national aggregated data for HB incidence from National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD)-Sofia. During the 25-year period, 190 confirmed cases were reported, resulting in annual incidence of 0.10 cases per 100,000 populations. Dynamic model of the epidemic process and risk factor were analyzed. The fitted Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of HB incidence also was selected. There were differentiated two cycles of infection spreading out lasting 12-13 years with two epidemic waves (1996 and 2002). Greater incidence of HB was recorded during the peaks of epidemic waves in the second epidemic cycle – 0.52-0.76/100,000 population. Re-emergence of brucellosis in Bulgaria started from areas bordering endemic countries and gradually extended inland. The geographic location of Bulgaria as external border of European Union (EU) and transit crossroad among Asia, Africa and Europe increases the risk of HB re-emergence to the country. Involvement of all responsible institutions for public healthcare is required.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe trends over time of human brucellosis (HB) based on national surveillance data from 1992 to 2016 in Bulgaria and to assess the factors of its re-emergence after 50 years elimination. Retrospective analytical study was applied and performed descriptive, spatial and time series analyses using national aggregated ...
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Nosocomial Infection of Pantoea Spp in Neonatal Unit About 11 Cases
Mounir Chemsi,
Youssef Benechchehab,
Mouna Lehlimi,
Khalid Zerouali,
Abderrahim Habzi,
Said Benomar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
72-74
Received:
12 May 2017
Accepted:
24 May 2017
Published:
30 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170204.12
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Abstract: In 2016, an outbreak of Pantoea Spp occurred in the intensive care unit of Children Hospital Abderrahim Harrouchi of Casablanca. Rapid microbiological investigations lead to identify eleven cases of Pantoea sepsis. Strict hygiene measures were lead to early interruption of the outbreak, without recurrences to this date still.
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Phenotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Kerala Bacillus Spp Isolated from Paddy Field
Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda,
Shilpa Valiyaparambil,
Samuel Thavamani Benson,
Dhanapal Venkatachalam,
Vinod Kombath Ravindran
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
75-78
Received:
1 October 2017
Accepted:
27 October 2017
Published:
24 November 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170204.13
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Abstract: Rice paddy environment is an exceptional reservoir for different microorganisms (Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic). Fertilizers, Fungicides, Antibiotics and Insecticides were used for boosting rice paddy growth and preventing agronomy diseases. Enormous use of fertilizers, Fungicides, Antibiotics and Insecticides will develop drug resistance in the microorganisms present in the crop [figure-1]. Ninety dried rice paddy samples were collected from different places around regions of Kerala. Forty rod-shaped gram-stain-Positive endospore forming obligate aerobic bacteria were isolated from the samples. All the forty strains were subjected to for antibiotic susceptibility by using the standard antibiotic disc (Cefoxitin). Significant drug resistance and massive growth observed in the strain (SCOP-2) among other isolated bacteria. SCOP-2 was subjected for sensitivity to differ different Antimicrobial disc by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results show that SCOP-2 drug resistant against all the five Antibiotics. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by two fold serial dilution against Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Linezolid (LNZ). From the results it is concluded that CIP and LNZ shows resistance against SCOP-2.
Abstract: Rice paddy environment is an exceptional reservoir for different microorganisms (Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic). Fertilizers, Fungicides, Antibiotics and Insecticides were used for boosting rice paddy growth and preventing agronomy diseases. Enormous use of fertilizers, Fungicides, Antibiotics and Insecticides will develop drug resistance in the mi...
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Challenges of Malaria Elimination in Nigeria; A Review
Onah Isegbe Emmanuel,
Adesina Femi Peter,
Uweh Philomena Odeh,
Anumba Joseph Uche
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2017
Pages:
79-85
Received:
23 September 2017
Accepted:
16 October 2017
Published:
8 December 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijidt.20170204.14
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Abstract: In 2010 deaths from malaria in Nigeria were the highest recorded worldwide. This was a strange phenomenon since so much effort has been geared towards eradicating this dreaded disease in the country, hence the need to critically investigate the reasons for these challenges confronting eradication efforts. There is need to identify some of the setbacks confronting malaria elimination in Nigeria. Some of the challenges x-rayed include: inadequate healthcare infrastructure in the rural areas, poor drug distribution, increases in drug resistant parasites, increase in insecticide resistant mosquitoes, poverty leading to poorly constructed rural dwellings with cracks and crevices, and individuals’ non-compliance with the control program due to high level of illiteracy. Much work still need to be done to reduce malaria incidence to a minimum level in Nigeria. No single individual method can be used to achieve a successful malaria control program. Strategic control methods must involve some combination of effective clinical control, vector control, reduction in contact of the mosquito with its human host, improved sanitation, and better health education and malaria prevention programs. If these efforts are sustained, over time Nigeria may succeed in eradicating malaria.
Abstract: In 2010 deaths from malaria in Nigeria were the highest recorded worldwide. This was a strange phenomenon since so much effort has been geared towards eradicating this dreaded disease in the country, hence the need to critically investigate the reasons for these challenges confronting eradication efforts. There is need to identify some of the setba...
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